There is no such thing as a person

Winnicott famously said “there is no such thing as a baby.” (reference?) meaning of course there is always a baby and someone. Jacob Moreno’s notion of a social and cultural atom (reference?) is similar and more startling. There is a minimum set of roles (interactions) that need to be present for survival. In other words there is no such thing as a mother either, there is always a mother and a father (absent or not). The reference to role systems and dynamics is important here. We are not talking about people but relationships and ways of relating. People who don’t do anything are dead. Primacy of the relationship is not an uncommon idea in psychotherapy, even when the word ‘object’ is used in some schools of therapy, it is the ‘object relations’ that are important. For all that it is a big mind-shift to go from the every-day world of things and entities into the psychological world of dynamics.

The physical body, physical reality, so easily belies psychologically potent reality. Psychodrama has the power to reveal all the subtle bodies usually invisible, the use of the term surplus reality facilitates this. But even in psychodrama the mind-shift can be hard to make. Imagine a group of people, with their bodies invisible, see them as three dimensional movie programs of archetypal dramas, developmental processes and graphical depictions of experience of ecstasy & trauma in the cellular memory. The current state of warm-up is the movie that is playing right now. At any moment other movies could grab the screen, all the programs are networked. The body does not betray the soul, but it can fool us into thinking there is no soul. No wonder we have the idea of the eternal soul, it is collective, unconscious and interconnected back to the big bang.

The implications for psychotherapy are well known but difficult to fully implement. One potent central idea, is that the therapeutic relationship is the source of healing. Even that one, well established and standard in most definitions of psychotherapy is always under threat by talk of dependency, measurable evidence, behaviour, genes, chemicals, brains. And of course the demand for reports and videos introduce more elements into the relationship. The third eye kills the dyad and creates a group. This may not be a bad thing if it were consciously embraced. If we said there is no such thing as a dyad, however it often advocated that the third presence should be ignored. “After a while we forget there is a video camera in the room.” Denial of surplus reality. In the face of all these onslaughts psychotherapy has survived, and the healing power of relationship is constantly experienced and valued.

More important is the idea of social atom repair. In therapy all too often people warm-up to working on the relationship with the mother, and then later the father. As a psychodramatist I work, even in one-to-one settings with the idea of repairing the social atom. Whatever the medical mental health diagnosis people come with relationship difficulties. DSM style diagnosis are always blind to the psychological as they are totally fooled by and perpetuates the idea individual people. Those difficulties are present in the parental dyad in some form. An investigation of the role system in the parental dyad often sheds light on the current relationships. The most successful work I have done is where the “parents” enacted by the client, come to relationship psychotherapy. The client then, in the regressed state of the child, experiences their renewed parents. A new social and cultural atom is available to them.

This is similar to the TA idea or “re-parenting the parent”, but taken to a relational level.

Couple therapy, working directly with a relationship follows from the fundamental idea of a dynamic psyche. Yet therapists often talk of individual work as needed for a healthy relationship. Harville Hendrix’s Imago therapy, and Moreno and psychodrama before it, as well as all forms of family therapy with a systemic approach are more in tune with the psychological reality. In making the ‘imago’, the unconscious images operating in the relationship, the unit of therapy is a major breakthrough in psychotherapy. Hendrix’s phrase “The purpose of marriage is to heal childhood wounds.” (reference?) is profound. If we in the psychotherapy field embraced this we would use the healing potential in the couple relationship rather than the therapeutic relationship for psychological repair far more than we do.
There are time when couple work is not indicated, apart from when people are not in a couple. When attachment wounding is so strong that taking turns with each other and with a therapist is unbearable and leads to disruptive behaviour, I think it is rare.

People are myth. What is significant is ‘surplus’ to the physical entities, it is imaginal and systemic.

(Below is a quote that I found of interest, though a bit peripheral to my main points)
Perspectives – Vol. 6, No. 1 – A Primer on Narcissism – Page 3 of 3:

The first to seriously consider the similarity between Narcissistic and Schizoid pathologies was Melanie Klein. She broke with Freud in that she believed that we are born with a fragile, easily fragmentable, weak and unintegrated ego. The most primordial human fear is the fear of disintegration (death), according to Klein. Thus, the infant is forced to employ primitive defence mechanisms such as splitting, projection and introjection to cope with this fear (actually, with the result of aggression generated by the ego). The ego splits and projects this part (death, disintegration, aggression). It does the same with the life-related, constructive, integrative part of itself. The result of all these dynamics is to view the world as either “good” (satisfying, complying, responding, gratifying) – or bad (frustrating). Klein called it the good and the bad “breasts”. The child then proceeds to introject (internalize and assimilate) the good object while keeping out (=defending against) the bad objects. The good object becomes the nucleus of the forming ego. The bad object is felt as fragmented. But it is not gone, it is there.

5 Replies to “There is no such thing as a person”

  1. Hi Walter

    Good writing.

    Have you come across Michael Lambert’s research from the US. Regarding the therapeutic factors that make a difference. The part I recall is that therapy modality had little significance but relationship and communication capacity of therapist pretty high.

    Also perhaps denial of the video camera is really a socially accepted for of surplus reality that you are highlighting. And there are heaps of others such as ignoring farts!

    Cheers

    Peter

  2. Walter
    I enjoyed reading this and it deserves a considered response, more so than I’m able to give at the moment because of my work load. You challenge the idea of solipsism, and while it can be said to be ‘an extreme form of ‘skepticism’ (source?), it does have a long and noble history in philosophic debate. The only true thing that we can ‘know’ is the self. Decarte’s dualism is an ‘acceptable’ modification of this, perhaps?
    My engagement with Imago does suggest to me the ‘primacy’ of relationships but even Hendrix indicates that you cannot fully ‘know’ the other. So even in that setting the ‘self’ takes precedence.
    More later, perhaps face to face
    B

  3. Hi Walter,

    I am intrigued by your suggestion that we can know our self. Isn’t it just as likely that we can know ourself as much as we can know the reality/unreality around us? By this I would like to report that as I read your response I was struck that the idea of knowing self is as unlikely as knowing anything. And as psychodramatists we know how easy it is to create a sense of “knowing”. Does the feeling of knowing myself count for actually knowing myself? Does the feeling of confidence in my existence count as a higher order of confidence than other?

    On a related note: have you read/seen On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You’re Not. http://www.amazon.com/Being-Certain-Believing-Right-Youre/dp/031254152X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1279224616&sr=8-1. I was buying them in bulk and giving them away but many people I gave them too didn’t read it or were not as impressed as I was. I plan to do a summary work and a blog and will keep you informed.

    PS Would you like to be on our newsletter?

    Cheers

    Peter

  4. Johari’s window comes to mind, and the book you mention Peter is also about knowing. However self and person is not so much about who knows what.

    Moreno’s idea that the self emerges from the roles (reference), that is in the interactions, points in the direction I want to go. Role involves a unity of thinking feeling and action. But the ‘truth’ of the belief or thought is not so important. It is a “story I tell myself”. The story in isolation… it is in response to a system. There are others listening too, a story is a whole world.

    “When I see you walk away, I think I am abandoned, then I feel scared, and then I run after you screaming.”

    Plenty of stories in such a scenario and not much related to “truth”.

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