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Moreno on God

Walter — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:44:45 +0000

YouTube audio

The rest of the audio can be purchased here.

Am I responsible for everything if I’m God?

Partner in its creation

I must have been in the beginning

I created myself

Moreno’s concept of tele

Walter — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 00:00:18 +0000

A series of quotes follow

The social atom is the nucleus of all individuals toward
whom a person is emotionally related or who are related to him at the same time. It is the smallest nucleus of an emotionally toned inter-personal pattern in the social universe. The social atom reaches as far as oneâ€™s tele reaches other persons. It is therefore also called the tele range of an individual. It has an important operational function in the formation of a society. Psychodrama v. 1 p. 184 (footnote)

The tele-empathy-transference complex undergoes a third realignment of forces; it moves from the stage to the audience, initiating among the audio-egos intensive relations.
Who Shall Survive? p. 86

This one has particular importance for locating the couple as the place for healing:

Throughout all this we cherished the notion that the psychiatrist alone is the healer, that all the therapeutic tele derives from him and nowhere else is so concentrated and effective. However, sociometric studies revealed to me that a great deal of the therapeutic tele is distributed all over th
community and that the question was only to make it effective and to guide it into the proper channels. … The chief psychiatrist had to be put out of action to be removed from the scene; he became an auxiliary ego at a distance. His function reduced itself to deciding who might be the best therapeutic agent to whom, and aid in the picking of these agents. … He had lost all the insignia of all-mightiness, of personal magnetism, and status of counsel. The face-to-face physician had become a physician at a distance. He adjusted his function to the dynamics of a tele world.
Psychodrama v. 1 pp. 242-243

I find the words”interpersonal structures” useful here…

Sociometric investigators have pointed out that the organic isolation of the embryo is continued for a short period after birth until the emergence of the tele starts the first interpersonal structures. But some infants perpetuate the pattern of organic isolation by social isolation.
Psychodrama v. 1 pp. 70-71

This one shows how Moreno equated various psychodrama termms with psychotherapy terms

The psychoanalytic vehicle was the couch. The antiquated couch was transformed into a multi-dimensional stage, giving space and freedom for spontaneity, freedom for the body and for bodily contact, freedom of movement, action and interaction. Free association was replaced by psychodramatic production and audience participation, by action dynamics and dynamics of the groups and masses. With these changes in the research and therapeutic operation the framework of psychoanalytic concepts, sexuality, unconscious, transference, resistance and sublimation was replaced by a new, psychodramatic and sociodynamic set of concepts, the spontaneity, the warming up process, the tele, the interaction dynamics and the creativity. These three transformations in vehicle, form and concept, however, transcended but did not eliminate the useful part of the psychoanalytic contribution. The couch is still in the stage â€“ which is like a multiple of couches of many dimensions, vertical, horizontal and depth â€“ sexuality is still in spontaneity, the unconscious is still the warming up process, transference is still in the tele; there is one phenomenon, productivity-creativity, for which psychoanalysis has given us no counterpart.
Who Shall Survive? pp. 119-120

This quote is useful to grasp tele and projection:

On the social plane we have isolated the factor tele which is
able to give the direction which the expansion of the self takes. In order to understand the operations of the tele, it is useful to differentiate between projection and what can be called â€œretrojectionâ€. Projection is usually defined as â€œthrowing upon others persons oneâ€™s ideas and assuming that they are objective, although they have a subjective origin.â€ Retrojection is drawing and receiving from other persons (it can be extended to all the dimensions and subsidiaries) their ideas and feelings, either to find identity with oneâ€™s own (confirmation) or to add strength to the self (expansion).
The organization of the self within the individual organism begins early in life. It is universal phenomenon and observable in every individual. In certain individuals the power of retrojection is enormously developed. We call them geniuses and heroes. If a man of genius knows what the people or the time needs and wants he is able to do this by the retrojective power of the self, that is, by a tele process, not by projection. They assimilate with enormous ease the experience others have, not only by drawing it from the people but because others are eager to communicate their feelings to them. They recognize these experiences as similar or identical with their own and integrate them into their self; that is how they are able to swell it to enormous expansion. When they lose their mandate, the calling of the self vanishes and the self shrinks.
Theatre of Spontaneity pp. 8-9

as is this one:

Transference is the development of fantasies (unconscious)
which the patient projects upon the therapist, surrounding him with a certain glamour. But there is another process which takes place in the patient, in the part of his ego which is not carried away by autosuggestion. It sizes up the therapist and estimates intuitively what kind of a man he is. These feelings into the immediate behavior of the therapist â€“ physical, mental, or otherwise â€“ are tele relations.
Psychodrama v. 1 p. xi Introduction to 3rd edition

On the social plane we have isolated the factor tele which is able to give the direction which the expansion of the self takes. In order to understand the operations of the tele, it is useful to differentiate between projection and what can be called â€œretrojectionâ€. Projection is usually defined as â€œthrowing upon others persons oneâ€™s ideas and assuming that they are objective, although they have a subjective origin.â€ Retrojection is drawing and receiving from other persons (it can be extended to all the dimensions and subsidiaries) their ideas and feelings, either to find identity with oneâ€™s own (confirmation) or to add strength to the self (expansion).

The organization of the self within the individual organism begins early in life. It is universal phenomenon and observable in every individual. In certain individuals the power of retrojection is enormously developed. We call them geniuses and heroes. If a man of genius knows what the people or the time needs and wants he is able to do this by the retrojective power of the self, that is, by a tele process, not by projection. They assimilate with enormous ease the experience others have, not only by drawing it from the people but because others are eager to communicate their feelings to them. They recognize these experiences as similar or identical with their own and integrate them into their self; that is how they are able to swell it to enormous expansion. When they lose their mandate, the calling of the self vanishes and the self shrinks.
Theatre of Spontaneity pp. 8-9

The following helps me to consider the tele structure more like a landscape, not good or bad but just the way it is.

38. Students are warned not to think that being isolated or unchosen is a â€œbadâ€ situation, or being much chosen is in itself a â€œgoodâ€ situation. Such thinking might lead to a â€œsociometric astrologyâ€. Sociometric findings are clues and guides for further investigation, they are not like the fixed position of a peck order. There are voluntary isolates whose air of determined withdrawal may instantly kill the tele towards them in the mind of their partners. They do not choose and they tell you by their manner or even overtly: â€œDo not choose me, I prefer to be aloneâ€. Furthermore, do not assume that the total structure of a group is â€œgoodâ€ or â€œbadâ€ because its cohesion is high of low. It often depends upon the criterion around which the group is formed.
… The study of involuntary isolates or unchosen ones who make choices but whose choices persistently remain unreciprocated suggests that they suffer from states of anxiety and insecurity. They frequently do not have the spontaneity to respond adequately to a situation in which they find themselves unwanted. Their anxiety rises and when they try again and again unsuccessfully, their anxiety rises further; their tele perception is often not sensitive to differentiate clearly the individuals who choose them from those who do not.
Who Shall Survive? p. 712

Marriage and family therapy for instance, has to be so conducted that the â€œ…â€ of the entire group is re-enacted so that all their tele-relations, their co-conscious and co-unconscious states are brought to life.
Psychodrama v. 1 p. vii Introduction to 3rd edition

(personality) can be defined as a function of g (genes), s (spontaneity), t (tele), and e (environment).
Psychodrama v. 1 p. 52 (footnote)

The following point to how roles are not positive or negative but the tele between them is.

In the course of this triangle study it was observed that a role
required by one person may be absent in his or her partner in a close relationship and that the absence of a role can have serious consequences for a relationship. As a general rule, a role can be (1) rudimentarily developed, normally developed, or over- developed (positive tele); a role can be (2) almost or totally absent in a person (indifference); and a role can be (3) perverted into a hostile function (negative tele). A role in any of the above categories can also be classified from the point of view of its development in time: (a) it was never present; (b) it is present towards one person but not present towards another; (c) it was once present towards a person bur is now extinguished. Psychodrama v. 1 pp. 333-334

â€œThe socio-gravitational factor which operates between individuals, drawing them to form more positive or negative pair-relations, triangles, quadrangles, polygons, etc., than on chance, I have called â€˜teleâ€™ â€“ derived from the Greek, the meaning is â€˜farâ€™ or â€˜distantâ€™.
Psychodrama v. 1 p. 84

Even if one day the feeling complex, tele, should yield to
physical measurement, from a sociometric point of view this feeling complex is separated only artificially from a larger whole: it is a part of the smallest living unit of social matter we can comprehend, the social atom.
Who Shall Survive? p. 317

The following shows how tele relates to cyberspace

Tele is two-way empathy, like a telephone it has two ends.* We are used to the notion that feelings emerge within the individual organism and that they become attached more strongly or more weakly to persons or things in the immediate environment.
… The hypothesis that feelings, emotions or ideas can â€œleaveâ€ or â€œenterâ€ the organism appeared inconsistent with this concept. … If these feelings, emotions and ideas â€œleaveâ€ the organism, where then can they reside?
Who Shall Survive? p. 53

â€œTele does not operate equally throughout the totality of an individualâ€™s social atom, but consists of an horizon in which awareness is great, level of choice expenditure high, and perception of inter-relationships accurate; and an unstructured region, marked by tentative and token choices to which reciprocation is hit-or-miss.
Who Shall Survive? p. 326

The tele factor must, in its earliest form, be undifferentiated, a matrix or identity tele; gradually, a tele for objects separates itself from a tele for persons. A positive tele separates itself from a negative tele, and a tele for real objects from a tele of imagined objects.
Psychodrama v. 1 p. 68

A social atom is thus composed of numerous tele structures; social atoms are again parts of still a larger pattern, the sociometric networks which bind or separate large groups of individuals due to their tele relationships. Sociometric networks are parts of a still larger unit, the sociometric geography of a community. A community is again part of the largest configuration, the sociometric totality of human society itself. Who Shall Survive? p. 54

Marriage and family therapy – Moreno

Walter — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 10:04:48 +0000

Here is a fuller quote of a section quoted earlier.

Marriage and family therapy for instance, has to be so conducted that the “interpsyche” of the entire group is re-enacted so that all their tele-relations, their co-conscious and co-unconscious states are brought to life. Co-conscious and co-unconscious states are by definition such states which the partners have experienced and produced jointly and which can therefore be only jointly reproduced or re-enacted. A co-conscious or a co-unconscious state can not be the property of one individual only. It is always a common property and cannot be reproduced but by a combined effort. If a re-enactment of such co-conscious or co-unconscious state is desired or necessary, that re-enactment has to take place with the help of all partners involved in the episode. The logical method of such re-enactment a deux is psychodrama. However great a genius of perception one partner of the ensemble might have, he or she can not produce that episode alone because they have in common their co-conscious and co-unconscious states which are the matrix from which they drew their inspiration and knowledge.

Psychodrama Volume 1, 4th edition, page vii

Zerka Moreno on Doubling and Tele

Walter — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 11:47:49 +0000

Still thinking about the interpsyche – and found this passage from Zerka Moreno in the Psychodrama Network News from the American Society of group Psychotherapy and psychodrama
2005 I now see the difference between empathy and doubling. Doubling in its conception includes the relationship, it is not the intuition of the therapist directly but the voice of the interpsyche – the relationship between two people.

But there is another, more important, aspect of McGaw’s presentation. When he speaks about how his doubling with a protagonist is so often correct, he interprets this as due to his intuitive ability. When pressed by Rogers to explain it more specifically while speaking of his own power in that respect, he refers to it as his “empathy.” Unfortunately, he overlooks the contribution to the process by the protagonist, as if it all comes out of the
therapist’s psyche, that of a single mind. By â€œunfortunateâ€ I mean that this is just the area of Moreno’s contribution, namely to have pointed out that it is the interaction between people – tele – resulting in the “inter-psyche,” the space between people, that is the foundation of his and our work. This observation, more than anything else McGaw speaks of, tells me he has not really grasped Moreno’s message. It is our emphasis on the moment, the here and now, the spontaneity of the protagonist, the interaction of minds, that distinguishes our own field from
that of individual psychology, a lesson we must never overlook.

Zerka Moreno makes it so clear psychodrama is a relational not an individual method.

Recently while teaching doubling it was clear the person was trying to think what the other person was thinking. Close, but not quite it. I said… let yourself be him, become him, breathe like him, sit like him, look at the world through his eyes and then voice what comes up, you won’t be guessing, you don’t have a choice about what comes up.

The doubling was then noticeably different even though not always exactly right.

INTERPSYCHE – Relationship Therapy for Couples

Walter — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 21:48:14 +0000

Two notes from a search on “marriage” on my Moreno texts. There is a new clarity I’m getting about the principles of working with couples psychodramatically. Thes two snippets reinforce that. Interpsyche is very close to the notion of an imago in IRT.

INTERPSYCHE … Marriage and family therapy for instance, has to be so conducted that the â€œâ€¦â€ of the entire group is re-enacted so that all their tele-relations, their co-conscious and co-unconscious states are brought to life. Psychodrama v. 1 p. vii Introduction to 3rd edition

RESISTANCE TO DRAMATIZE … The two partners are on the stage, for instance, but refuse to enact any of the crucial situations which they have disclosed during the interviews. The director tries to get them started by shifting their attention rapidly from one plot to another. This may put their minds at comparative ease and make them willing to work. If this brings no result, he will suggest that they can pick any subject at random, or anything which they would like to tell one another at the moment. If this also is without effect, the director may suggest that they project upon the stage any of the more pleasant situations in which they may have found themselves in the past (when they were first in love), or any situation which would express how they would have wished their marriage to develop (perhaps having a baby or a large family), or a situation in the future which would express any change they might like to have in their life-situation. If these do not bring any results, there still remains the choice of symbolic situations and symbolic roles for which they may have affinity or which might be constructed for them. If all this does not have the effect of an actual start, the director does not plead or insist too strongly, but sends the subjects back to their seats. Psychodrama v. 1 pp. 338-339

Morenos Spontaneity Theory – Storify

Walter — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 12:23:30 +0000

I’m gathering together some articles available in Journals online. I think we may have them in the library.

Links follow

Spontaneity Theory In Its Relation to Problems of Interpretation and …

jstor.org

J. L. MORENO AND FLORENCE B. MORENO . Psychodramatic Institute, Beacon, New …

Freedom to act in new ways: The application of Moreno’s …

informaworld.com

Moreno’s concepts of role and spontaneity offer a useful methodology for … application of Moreno’s spontaneity theory and role theory to psychological coaching …

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THE SOCIOMETRIC VIEW OF THE COMMUNITY Jacob L. Moreno

jstor.org

J. L. and F. B. Moreno , Spontaneity Theory of Child Development (New York …

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Spontaneity Theory of Child Development

jstor.org

SPONTANEITY THEORY OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT . J. L. MORENO AND FLORENCE B. MORENO . Psychodramatic. Institute, Beacon, New York. “The sense …

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Moreno’s writings

portaroma.tripod.com

Moreno , J. L., & Moreno , F. B.. Spontaneity theory in its relation to problems of interpretation and measurement. Sociometry, 7, 339_355. Psych. Abs., 19, 1724. …

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Theory of Spontaneity-Creativity

jstor.org

THEORY OF SPONTANEITY -CREATIVITY. J. L. MORENO . The principle which set sociometry into motion is the twin concept of spontaneity and creativity, not as …

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PsycNET – Display Record

psycnet.apa.org

General spontaneity theory. Psychodrama, first volume.

Psychodrama – Resources

Walter — Mon, 21 Feb 2011 22:13:52 +0000

There will be many more – some will be available in the contextually related posts below.

My pages:

Moreno

Multi-Level Curriculum

My writing page – has a section

Papers – links to resources:

Psychodrama Network News PNN_Winter_07.pdf

Contains: Message to the Membership
from Zerka Moreno
Part II of Moreno’s Influence on Martin Buber

Five Instruments of Psychodrama

Walter — Mon, 09 Aug 2010 12:02:27 +0000

The five instruments:

Stage

Audience

Director

Protagonist

Auxiliary Egos

Word documents on this available here.

Reciprocal influence

Walter — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 11:29:43 +0000

Stumbled on this scrap: Jung wrote that

For two personalities to meet is like two different chemical substances: if there is any combination at all, both are transformed. In any effective psychological treatment the doctor is bound to influence the patient; but this influence can only take place if the patient has a reciprocal influence on the doctor. You can exert no influence if you are not susceptible to influence.

(C.G. Jung, CW, vol. 16, para. 163)

This is close to describing Moreno’s Tele with the emphasis on reciprocity, ie a flow both ways.

Moreno’s Influence on Martin Buber’s Dialogical Philosophy

Walter — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:59:01 +0000
This is a great bit of history about Moreno & Buber. Just who influenced who is not so important, nor does the published material really prove anything. It is interesting research by Robert Waldl, put on the web by Adam … Continue reading →